A Spirited History of Milwaukee Brews and Booze

A Spirited History of Milwaukee Brews and Booze by Martin Hintz

Milwaukee's history is tied with Beer. Miller still stands as a big beer brand. Schlitz was once a dominate brand that ranked number one or two nationally. Then they tried to cut costs to disastrous consequences. Pabst is another big one that declined in part due to limitations of the charitable ownership. All have been acquired by other companies. Miller is the only one that maintains a large brewery presence in Milwaukee.

The book touches the surface and feels like a series of college essays rather than one coherent work. Chapters typically focus on a single company from their origin to modern times. The chapters on the big brewers are interesting including covering ones that have lost significance (like Gettelman). Then things dive off. Modern craft brewers and distillers don't have nearly as much historical panache. The book also suffers from lack of maps to understand where things were happening geographically.

New Deal Law and Order: How the War on Crime Built the Modern Liberal State

New Deal Law and Order: How the War on Crime Built the Modern Liberal State by Anthony Gregory

Crime was really bad in the United States before World War II. Kidnappings, shoot outs and other incidents were common. Part of the New Deal helped encourage law and order. Policies could be somewhat contradictory and reflected the interests of those in charge. Alcohol was legalized to reduce crime. Marijuana was criminalized to reduce crime. Kidnapping penalties were increased. White collar crime was also attacked. Crime fighting also had to deal with political coalitions. Blacks wanted lynching to stop, while white southerners wanted to continue to lynch. The FBI and national crime fighting grew in importance, while states still maintained their jurisdictions. The book covered a lot of crime fighting, but struggled to have a common thesis.

The Money Illusion: Market Monetarism, the Great Recession, and the Future of Monetary Policy

The Money Illusion: Market Monetarism, the Great Recession, and the Future of Monetary Policy by Scott Sumner

This book had interesting somewhat counter-intuitive views of the impacts of monetary policy. I didn't fully grasp all the details, but felt it could be a good way to look at things. "Easy" money is a key way that the government can help the economy. However, interest rates are often only a part of this. Often the anticipation of rates can be more critical than the actual rates set themselves. Common explanations we hear of for economic crashes are often side correlations. For instance, housing production had already stalled before the great recession. Some "fixes" may also make matters worse. (Encouraging unions and high wages at the start of the Great Depression likely stalled employment gains and production.) Macroeconomics uses the same terminology as microeconomics to describe something very different. Getting the right policies in place can help keep things humming along well, while the wrong policies can make things worse.

The author is very cautious about his beliefs. While he holds them strongly, he also feels that common culture is not likely to take them up until ready. He also notes that "liberal economics" will almost always "win", though the definition of "liberal economics" is always changing. Could we really keep the economy moving around nicely for a long term? Or would the thought of bubbles and crashes mean they must occur?

How Finland Survived Stalin: From Winter War to Cold War, 1939-1950

How Finland Survived Stalin: From Winter War to Cold War, 1939-1950 by Kimmo Rentola translated by Richard Robinson

Finland had an odd position during World War II. They were aligned with Germany, but never part of the Axis powers. They fought the Winter War against Russia. German alignment was seen as a necessary defensive measure. Stalin had underestimated the ability of Finnish army and suffered significantly during the hostilities. The Finns paid were willing to pay reparations and cede territory. However, they were not pushovers. They refused to become a Soviet satellite. They maintained their culture and political system. They were one of the few European capitals that was never occupied during the war. Stalin seems to have some respect for the Finns and was willing to let them be. The book was original written in Finnish and relied on many Russian sources that are now locked away again due to the Ukraine war.

Shock Values: Prices and Inflation in American Democracy

Shock Values: Prices and Inflation in American Democracy by Carola Binder

The history of inflation and deflation is riddled with attempts at price controls. From the time of the revolutionary war, price controls were debated and sometimes put into place. Price controls had some impact on stabilization, but also created distortions in the market as well as made winners and losers. A national bank and monetary policy helps provide stability but exchange rates also caused distortions. (especially when values of silver and gold differed.) A strong, independent central bank can provide stability. However, it is difficult for politicians to resist tampering. FDR went to great extents to preserve his price controls. Policies to strengthen unions while controlling prices probably hurt the economy and employment (while benefiting those that kept jobs) Price controls stopped after the end of the war, but were tried again later without much success. People don't like it when things look more expensive and they always try to blame profit taking. Companies will look for an excuse to raise prices. They might be accused of short term high profits even if they don't make up for previous loses. Keeping inflation under control takes work, but does make people happy.

To Explain the World: The Discovery of Modern Science

To Explain the World: The Discovery of Modern Science by Steven Weinberg

The author attempted to write something innovative describing how the ability to do science came about, but ended up with a typical history of science. The Arabs were holding the torch of science, but they didn't make the final push of the scientific revolution. People needed to learn to ask the right questions to get the right answers. They broke down things in controlled areas to get things that were explainable in the way we know. These things had to be shared. That is how we got to what we know as science today. It seems the best we can do. However, will people in the future treat it as we treat Astrology and Alchemy? Both of those were given scientific credence before they were treated as pseudo-science. The book concludes with Copernicus, Galileo and Newton. They were treated as the originators of modern science, yet they still had some traditional beliefs.

Carthage: A New History

Carthage: A New History by Eve MacDonald

Carthage was one of the leaders of the ancient world. Then it lost a war to Rome and was destroyed. It's history is often told through the lense of it's vanquisher. That makes it somewhat difficult to piece together a history. This book explores some of the history including significant figures that were not named Hannibal. It straddles the line between academic and narrative history, in part because detailed sources for a narrative are lacking. It mentions the apparent child sacrifice remains, but does not see them as bad as others. Things end with Rome defeating them and saving only a science book.

Rain of Ruin: Tokyo, Hiroshima, and the Surrender of Japan

Rain of Ruin: Tokyo, Hiroshima, and the Surrender of Japan by Richard Overy

The United States is unapologetic in the use of the atomic bomb at the end of World War II. It is believed that the bomb saved half a million American lives - more than the Japanese lives lost in the explosions. We often second guess the use today. However, the important question to ask is why did America of the time choose to drop the bomb? Americans were tired of the war. Germany had surrendered and Americans wanted to go home. However, Japanese kept fighting what seemed to be a losing cause. The American public now saw Japanese as less than human and wanted to do whatever it took to end the war as soon as possible. The atomic bomb seemed like a great solution. 

The firebombing of Tokyo was the most destructive conventional bombing in history. More people were immediately killed in this bombing than immediately by either of the atomic bombs. The Japanese initially dismissed the atomic bombs as just another big bomb. It is uncertain whether this bombing changed the timeline of the Japanese surrender. However, they did finally surrender not long after the bombing, leading to a cause and effect alignment in the minds of Americans.

This book is an interesting exploration of the bombing that looks at it from the lens of 1945 America while tying in modern knowledge of the Japanese mentality. It does a good job of exploring how people felt and why things were done as they were.

A Marriage at Sea: A True Story of Love, Obsession, and Shipwreck

A Marriage at Sea: A True Story of Love, Obsession, and Shipwreck by Sophie Elmhirst

A couple went boating and got "lost at sea", needing to spend a long period of time on a raft. This was a stressful experience that ultimately made their relationship stronger. They had a few "false hope" near-rescues before they were finally saved. They received a lot of publicity afterwards. The experience proved transformative, and they kept a strong relationship through life.

This book is based on the account of Maurice and Maralyn Bailey. The "lost at sea" experience was only part of the story as the book focuses on the later impact of their life. (At first it felt odd to have it discuss the "post-shipwreck" experiences with so much remaining in the book, but it does make sense in the end.)

The Idea Machine: How Books Built Our World and Shape Our Future

The Idea Machine: How Books Built Our World and Shape Our Future by Joel J. Miller

Books have played an important role in the development of humanity. Knowledge has been able to be passed down down and accessed by greater numbers of people. There were challenges. Books were initially hand-copied. This required skill and limited the number of copies. It was also seen as a negatively impacting memory. Printing opened up more wide-spread reproduction of books. However, this also opened up significant cultural and religious conflicts. Printing rose in concert with the reformation and counter-refomration in the Christian world. Each side was keen to destroy books that they did not like, leading to the loss of many ancient texts. The Islamic world simply opposed printing, leading to a stagnation in intellectual capacity. (During the earlier era, the Islamic world had been the primary source of intellectual advancement.)

New forms of books later evolved. Don Quixote has been acknowledged as the first novel. Soon fiction branched to cover people from many diverse backgrounds. Today books have proliferated in paper and electronic formats. They are easy to produce and cover variety of different specialized topics.

This book seemed extremely appealing and interesting. I enjoyed the discussion, yet very little of it stuck out as memorable.

The Wrong Stuff: How the Soviet Space Program Crashed and Burned

The Wrong Stuff: How the Soviet Space Program Crashed and Burned by John Strausbaugh

The Soviet Union built up its space program primarily by making crude copies of western technology. There focus was more on embarrassing the west than on technological innovation. They hid their failures while exaggerating their successes. They lacked some of the advanced technology, so they would over-engineer heavy machines. The program did send people to space and made celebrities out of initial cosmonauts. However, they never did get a man to the moon. After Khrushchev lost power, the USSR shifted resources away from the space race. This book is a very snarky take on the Soviet program, with an emphasis on the structural problems and ineptitude of the space program.

Family of Spies

Family of Spies: A World War II Story of Nazi Espionage, Betrayal, and the Secret History Behind Pearl Harbor by Christine Kuehn

Grandpa was Nazi spy with interesting history in Hawaii. There were rumors of "baby spy" in the family that would go try to get intel. This book is part memoir and part family history. The author explores the skeletons in his family's closet. They were raised as an all American family. However, Grandpa was executed as a spy. (Though the family gives other reasons for what happened.) The book is an interesting exploration of interrelated bits of World War II history.

Spellbound: How Charisma Shaped American History from the Puritans to Donald Trump

Spellbound: How Charisma Shaped American History from the Puritans to Donald Trump by Molly Worthen

People with charisma have been able to influence people. The term was originally used theologically and much of the book explores the charismatics from a religious perspective. In modern times, it has come to spread beyond religion to other people like Donald Trump. Charismatic people can influence others in various ways and have lead various large-scale religious movements. The Puritans and other early religious movements had many charismatic leaders. The second great awakenings were similar. (Though Joseph Smith was charismatic, many people were drawn in after reading the Book of Mormon before seeing him.) Political leaders also had their appeal based on their public oratory. Later television would play a role in changing how we viewed leaders (with Nixon/JFK being an early example.) The history of charisma is interesting, but almost too broad to be well covered.

Atlantic Cataclysm: Rethinking the Atlantic Slave Trades

Atlantic Cataclysm: Rethinking the Atlantic Slave Trades by David Eltis

This book objectively explores the history of Atlantic slave trade within the context of the day. Slavery was a fairly normal part of the world. However, some restrictions had come into play, such as Christians not enslaving other Christians. This left Africans as a common source of slaves. Africa was far from homogeneous. It was often one group selling off their enemies to be slaves. The names of slave ships showed the gradual change in feelings towards slavery. The slaves were treated less humanely and the slavers begin to acknowledge it. The practice of slavery became more and more repugnant and more open to calls for abolition. 

The author also explores the economic impact of slavery and came to the conclusion that it likely hurt development more than it helped. Places with the most significant slave culture often stalled developmentally compared to similar places with stronger embedded slavery. This book is able to present powerful arguments against slavery without retrofitting modern values onto the past.

Dominion: How the Christian Revolution Remade the World

Dominion: How the Christian Revolution Remade the World by Tom Holland

This book is more a less a history of Christianity. However, instead of focussing on the internal leadership of the church, it explores the "power" that church held in society. The narrative meanders around different times and places. It lacked a clear focus as it explored the influence of Christianity on society.

Fall of Civilizations

Fall of Civilizations: Stories of Greatness and Decline by Paul Cooper

What causes civilizations to fall? What are some of the big civilizations that fell. This book explores many of the different failures, from ancient times up to Easter Island. Much was based on a podcast that he has. He does explore different reasons for failure. In the case of Easter Island, he rejects the "resource depletion" argument, and instead focusses on the European discovery. They dropped off diseases and took away many of the residents, leaving the culture in poor condition. Later a sheep ranch used the land, denuding what remained. Other cultures had different reason for collapse. The book goes somewhat chronologically, though it is covering individual experiences rather than a coherent narative.

Savings and Trust: The Rise and Betrayal of the Freedman's Bank

Savings and Trust: The Rise and Betrayal of the Freedman's Bank by Justene Hill Edwards

The Freedman's bank was formed at the end of the Civil War to give former slaves a place to save their money. It was initially charter to be a very safe savings bank in a single location. It would invest in government bond and pay a small amount of interest. It expanded to other locations. Many of the leaders were white men who desired to help the blacks. The bank later expanded to many other locations. Many of the clients were using it as a place to store money until they could buy land. Transactions tended to be small. The bank later ran into money issues. It had difficulty making the promised interest payments. It spent money on opulent buildings. The solution seemed to be to go into other money making ventures, such as making loans. It was restricted to making "safe" loans to those with significant land as collateral, and was forbidden from loaning to those controlling the bank. Alas, the first restriction ended up restricting loans to most of the black patrons and the second restriction was flouted. After a banking panic hit, the bank hit huge issues. Advance notice was required for withdrawals. (Though certain mostly white business customers could get money out easily.) The bank eventually failed. Even in failure, there were some last minute loans to friends. Almost none of the outstanding loans were paid back. The clients only received a few cents on the dollar and now were resistant to dealing with banks. It is a typically case of bank failure caused by greed, tho. This probably set back the financial condition of the freed slaves, though was only a small part of the many negative policies during reconstruction. 

Left Behind: A New Economics for Neglected Places

Left Behind: A New Economics for Neglected Places by Paul Collier

The author of the book appears quite full of himself, but has a good message. Places that are not succeeding need help. The help is best when it comes within. External groups can (and should) support the process, but do so in a hands off way. Throwing dollars at a poorly functioning location can often make things worse. People do not like being told what to do. Leaders may capture benefits for themselves or create "trophies" that make things worse in the long wrong. Instead, the local groups need to adopt policies that work best for them. Aid without strings may be useful for helping implement the changes. (Though this may not be necessary.) Many of the most well-functioning egalitarian states were backwaters at one time. They suffered from many of the problems modern basket-cases do now. They may be able to There have been successful authoritarian regimes and failed democracies. Singapore has boomed through a time with a single ruler. Rwanda has gone from civil war and genocide to tourist haven. South Africa has fallen down, despite dropping apartheid and allowing global electoral participation. Each place has their own special cases and most adopt appropriately.

The Lumumba Plot: The Secret History of the CIA and a Cold War Assassination

The Lumumba Plot: The Secret History of the CIA and a Cold War Assassination by Stuart A. Reid

Democratic Republic of the Congo had a rough start. The region was originally the Belgian King's private realm. It covered an area including many different ethnic groups. White Belgians helped build up the economy with western industrialization. However, the natives were for the most part left out. Only low-level service jobs were open to them. Eventually Belgium was encouraged to turn over power. Alas, things didn't go rail. Many people expected the benefits of the "good life" that the Belgians had without putting forth the effort. There were different people competing for power. Eventually voters selected a prime minister. Alas, things went downhill. The military revolted against their low pay and Belgian leadership. The leader also got caught in cold war machinations and internal conflict. The prime minister and president both relieved each other of their office. The CIA was concerned that the prime minister may be a Soviet tool and plotted his assassination. Eventually he was killed in a plausibly deniable way. A UN plane with the secretary general also crashed around the same time (most likely due to natural causes, but rumoured to have other factors involved.) A new strongman leader was installed and the country stagnated.

The book paints a compelling narrative. However, some of the key names sound similar, make it difficult to keep track of who is who. There is extensive coverage of the UN and the challenge of keeping legitimacy with many competing forces. The CIA plot doesn't come until the end.

Violent Saviors: The West's Conquest of the Rest

Violent Saviors: The West's Conquest of the Rest by William Easterly

A common antebellum argument in favor of slavery was that the slaves were much better off than they would be had they not been slaves. Materially, this is likely true. Despite this, many slaves would go through great efforts to escape slavery. People value their freedom even more than their material comforts. The book provides many examples that come down to this same point. These stretch from colonial periods up through the cold war and modern times. Western leaders still have trouble grasping the importance of self-determination, even if something else seems "better". This is a problem both at home and abroad. Many programs seem to make people better off, but they fail if the people don't want them. Sometimes this "progress" ends up being fleeting (such as neighborhoods destroyed for freeways). Other times it could be something they would adopt - as long as they had control.