The budding actor recruits her and the writer to help write a script for him about the murders. He knows that one of the long-closed tunnels from the incident is now opened. They go down there to film. However, things turn tragic as he dies. Now there is a new murder to solve. She finds a real mystery different, but still uses her skills. In the process she also finds a boy and is really caught with emotions there. (However, her sleuthing ends up causing problems.) She gradually comes of age as she solves the mystery. In the end, the book gives some potential answers, but lives more things untied. This is the first book in a series, rather than a fully standalone book.
Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Truly Devious: A Mystery
The budding actor recruits her and the writer to help write a script for him about the murders. He knows that one of the long-closed tunnels from the incident is now opened. They go down there to film. However, things turn tragic as he dies. Now there is a new murder to solve. She finds a real mystery different, but still uses her skills. In the process she also finds a boy and is really caught with emotions there. (However, her sleuthing ends up causing problems.) She gradually comes of age as she solves the mystery. In the end, the book gives some potential answers, but lives more things untied. This is the first book in a series, rather than a fully standalone book.
Thursday, July 25, 2019
If I Stay
Saturday, July 20, 2019
The Loneliest Girl in the Universe
[plenty of spoilers] Romy Silvers is all alone in a space ship heading towards Earth 2. Her only human companionship comes from messages sent from a psychologist on earth. However, it takes a long time for the messages to travel back and forth, so she spends a lot of time in her own thoughts. She spends a lot of time writing "fan fiction" for one of her favorite shows. She learns that a new ship has been sent after hers. It moves much faster and will catch up with her in a year. It will then dock, and together the ships will arrive on earth two. She is excited to be able to arrive and meet other people before she is too old. She starts to communicate with the captain of the new ship (J). As they become closer and closer, they can almost begin to carry out a normal conversation. She feels she has a strong bond with him and eagerly anticipates meeting him. In her mind, she portrays him as a character in one of her favorite shows. However, as the ship gets closer, she learns that there was a war on earth and a new regime came to power. Her old psychologist no longer communicates with her. However, the new regime begins communications and starts to send proposed efficiency improvements. It does feel a little bit odd that they they would go down to super micro-level improvements from such a great distance away. (If it is taking them a year to get feedback, why would they gradually move to slightly reduce shower times?)
The author does a brilliant job of unfolding the novel. I had a strong desire to know how she ended up all alone in a space ship. The details gradually came out as we learn about her and the history. She had not been entirely truthful in her communications with earth regarding what had happened. The ship had a large number of astronauts in stasis. Her parents were supposed to be caretakers for some time before alternating with another couple. However, her mother became pregnant with her, resulting in them staying primary caretakers for longer. Then the stasis chambers failed and all the astronauts ended up dying. Her mother had gone mad in the process, and also tried to kill embryos and even killed her husband before putting herself in stasis. Romy was haunted by these fears.The ending of the novel seems to come out of nowhere. All of a sudden, she Romy realizes she has been had. The guy she had been communicating with had been carrying out an elaborate ruse and was really just trying to get there to kill her. His parents died on the ship and he held her responsible. If her mother had not removed her birth control, she would not have been there, and her parents would have done a better job taking care of the other astronauts. He blocked communications with earth, fabricated the wars on earth and kept carrying out different sets of lies. He kept putting on a show, even telling lies as he tried to carry out truth. He managed to kill Romy's mother before Romy killed her.
The psychology of J is baffling. How could he be so caught up in such an elaborate plan of revenge? What were his motives? How was he so clear to not be caught? And how did she manage to find out at the last minute after not having a clue earlier. (She happened to find out by seeing that earth communications were coming from his ship. He later explained that his ship was a relay for them. If she was so "in love" with him, wouldn't she have just trusted that explanation?) And wouldn't those planning the space mission realized the psychological challenges of leaving too small a group of people "alone" on the ship for a long period of time? The novel was so well written. It is a shame that it ended so poorly.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
Fangirl: A novel
Monday, July 15, 2019
Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis
With the bad out of the way, the book has a nice story to tell. Countries and people got through periods of significant "stress". Sometimes this comes from the outside. Other times it is purely internal. It may happen in response to a single event, or it may be something that happens gradually over time. Using a "crisis framework", he analyzes the different ways that they react.
Finland shares a very long border with Russia and has a language and culture very different from the Russian and Scandinavian neighbors. When attacked by Russia, Finland did not give in, but fought back against overwhelming odds. This allowed them to remain independent (even as other Baltic States were subsumed by Russia.) After the war, Russia demanded reparations and trials of Finnish leaders for "war crimes". Finland acknowledged their week position relative to Russia and complied. (By charging the leaders with war crimes, they were also able to dictate the "punishment") The reparations paid to Russia were a sacrifice that benefited the country by forcing industrialization. Finland was further able to maintain good relations with Russia and western Europe by self censoring. They willingly sacrificed some democratic principals in order to maintain freedom and democracy. This seemed an anathema to many in the west, but it served Finland quite well.
Other countries did not have such a positive experience. Chile was one of the most stable democracies in South America. However, democratically elected Allende moved too far to the left for his military, thus setting the position for a coup and the rise of Pinochet. He stayed in power longer than expected and killed a large number of leftests. However, he still allowed for a peaceful transition, even though only a narrow majority voted to not extend his term. The new government allowed for Chile for all Chileans and kept many of Pinochet's positive reforms. The country had to go through the challenging experience to realize that compromise is the best policy.
Similarly Indonesia found itself ripe for a dictator after the leader became too involved with external affairs at the expense of internal needs. Unlike Finland, Indonesia had very little national identity, and needed to foster one. Corruption was a big problem and needed to be reined in.
Australia had a national identity tied up in England. Despite being in a totally different part of the world, Australians thought of themselves as British. Only after the fall of Singapore in World War II, did Australia realize they had to depend on themselves more. They gradually moved away from the "white Australia" to a more cosmopolitan, independent country. (They there was a shock of policy changes that were carried out at the start of one government.)
Japan had change thrust upon them. After Perry sailed in, Japan was no longer isolated. The leaders realized they could not compete with the western powers, so they spent time trying to learn what they could from them. They picked and chose to adopt the best policies. They realistically knew what they were capable of. However, by World War 2, they had built up a significant military and the new "young guns" lacked they global insight of their elders. Thus, they went on a multi-front war that would be difficult to win, and ended up being defeated. Today, Japan still has some trouble with introspection. History courses treat Japan as a "victim" in World War 2 (due to the nuclear bombs) without regarding that they were the aggressor. This has lead to weaknesses in relationships with its neighbors. (Germany, on the other hand, has apologized profusely and done much to prevent the Nazi past from resurfacing.) Japan also faces on oncoming demographic crisis with a very low birth rates and almost no immigration.
Countries and individuals got through many crises in their lifetime. Being honest in the approach to them can be the difference between a positive growth experience and a long struggle.
Why Marriages Succeed or Fail: And How You Can Make Yours Last
He identified a few different types of personalities and their interactions. Some are very communicative. Some avoid conflict, while others appear to thrive on it. All styles can succeed with the proper effort. (Though mismatching styles can be challenging.
Some common problems seen include stonewalling. Often one person (often the man) will be so upset that they will not give way or communicate. Other problems include (usually erroneously) inferring negative thoughts or motives to the other party. The key to resolving issues is often as simple as being open with listening and communicating. People will often communicate fine with strangers, and then get into a rage with their spouse. Just because we know them well does not mean they don't have needs to be validated and respected.
And Baby Makes Three: The Six-Step Plan for Preserving Marital Intimacy and Rekindling Romance After Baby Arrives
One of the key points is that life will change with baby. It becomes more difficult to keep communication open, but that is a requirement. Parenting styles may be different. Sexual desires and needs from each couple will also be very different. There must be work done to ensure that it is balanced appropriately. Maintaining intimacy and romance after baby requires more effort, but is important. It is also important to create new family traditions by synthesizing the traditions of each family. Neither couple should assume that things will be the same as they experienced growing up. It is also important to realize that your memories are more colored by later childhood and adulthood. The "young child" traditions take some time to cultivate and develop.
The involvement of mother and father are also very different. The father role is typically more playful and chaotic. The mother role is typically more guided and attentive to needs. Baby needs some of both. A couple that loves and respects each other will often be more helpful for the growth of baby than one that attempts to provide every last little benefit fad for the child. Couples should respect the different styles of parenting to help baby to be loved and develop well.
Friday, July 12, 2019
Next: The Future Just Happened
Privacy is one area where Lewis's trajectory was way off. He saw people willing to give up their privacy for their own benefit or even to be heard. Today, however, things have flipped to an almost polar opposite. People are paranoid about exposing too much, and laws are made to give a great deal more privacy rights.
He did catch on to the corporations co-opting the rebels. Social Media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and SnapChat were nowhere to be found when he wrote this book. However, they are now behemoths in their own right. And they are now heavily utilized by companies as part of their social media strategy. Google had barely been founded when this book was written. Now they are staring down the eyes of regulators. Tech has gone from "upstart" to regulated utility.
The story of media did not follow the expected path, but has actually managed to gain more control, while at the same time losing it. File sharing has faded as people can new just stream music and video. Network, Cable and Satellite television watching has become archaic. There were cord cutters. And now there are just "never had a cord" households. The book details the launch of the DVR with TiVo and ReplayTV. Tivo is still around. However, the set-top box has been adopted by most cable providers. They did help get people accustomed to TV on demand. However, most people took it a step further and just subscribed to Netflix. Today, however, most studios are launching their own streaming services. This fragmentation seems a last-ditch effort that could lead us back to the bad-old days of piracy. Music streaming is fairly available with services like Spotify. Bands don't see much revenue from it. But they rarely did earlier. The book talks about Marillion's direct relationship with their fans. Today, bands need the direct communication to survive.
The book talks about a few "whiz kids" that had run ins with adult society. A teenager made money promoting stocks. Another gave free legal advice. Another helped write computer programs. These still exist. However, they don't make news. Society has almost brushed aside the kids and filled the internet with so much "garbage" that it is hard to find reliable advice outside official channels. Democratization has sewed its own fall.
Marvel Comics: The Untold Story
Comic books did experience an early 1990s mania in collection, followed by a popping of the bubble. Marvel helped fan the flames of the bubble by introducing many new titles with multiple variants and crossovers . (This helped provide momentary gain, but also led to buyer fatigue and a glut of product. Value increases based on rarity, making it ludicrous to think a best selling run could be super valuable. My comic book collection dates from the early part of this mania. Looking at the current values, It seems it is mostly the oddballs that have gained in value, while the "sure things" have stagnated.)
During the last few decades, there has been an increased emphasis on "artists", with certain comic book creators drawing name recognition and earning big paydays. Comic book distribution has also focused on specialty shop, with significantly higher price points and print quality. The casual comic book reader is now out of the picture. Comic books are now just an IP factory to be mined for movie characters.
A Study in Charlotte: Charlotte Holmes, Book 1
Sugar: The World Corrupted: From Slavery to Obesity
The author then goes on to show how slavery was rooted in the need for sugar. He does have some good points. He seems to push it a little too for, however has some basis in reality. Would slavery been so important for cotton if it were not already in place for sugar? What would land be like without sugar terraforming?
Now I have second thoughts about pure cane sugar.
Tuesday, June 18, 2019
Just Mercy
Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson
Bryan Stevenson worked to help defend poor prisoners in the the south. He had to ration his time and often focus on those with the most imminent needs - often prisoners on death row. His experience has made him strongly against the death penalty for anybody. He stresses the need for mercy and help for prisoners. The poor, minorities and mentally ill are significantly over-represented in the prison population. In the south, prisons and the death penalty were often used to help keep the black population down. (The death penalty could be seen as a legitimization of "lynchings".) The actual execution of inmates is not an easy process and it negatively impacts those that have to carry it out. (He finds it ironic that people are willing to provide plenty of help and service for inmates right before they are killed. What if this service was provided earlier in their lives instead?)
The author focuses on some of his most sympathetic clients. The primary story is about a black man (Walter McMillan) that was wrongfully convicted of murder in the hometown of To Kill A Mockingbird. A young woman was murdered in the town and the sheriff was desperately trying to find the culprit. A good-for-nothing made up testimony implicating McMillan. He was convicted despite holes in the testimony and a powerful alibi. (Dozens of people were with him far away from the murder scene at the time of the crime.) The judge overrode the jury to sentence him to death. It took numerous appeals and another investigation before he was finally free. It seems the only reason he was even a suspect was because he had a relationship with a younger white woman.
There is also the story of the woman who was sentenced for giving birth to a stillborn child. She had not sought medical care, and had buried the baby on their property. Nosy neighbors were suspicious and had the baby dug up and some (since discredited) doctors declared the baby had been alive.
Other clients mentioned had admitted to committing a crime, yet received a punishment that far outweighed the crime. Many of these were barely teenagers, yet were tried as adults and received death or life without parole sentences. Others were mentally ill. Many grew up in broken homes. Most were poor and black. In one story he mentions the case of a very "mean", white guard. He gave Stevenson a tough time when he visited. One day he escorted one of his clients to a court hearing. There they described the rough childhood and experience the client had in abusive foster care. The next time Stevenson saw him, he was totally different and very kind. (He had even stopped by to get the client a chocolate milkshake.) It turns out, he too had suffered in the foster care system. He could empathize with the inmate and what he had gone through.
Empathy is the theme of the book. Most of the people described had done something wrong. They deserved to have some punishment. However, they also deserve empathy. Often their biggest crime is being poor. Had they had money, they could have had better representation and would likely have received lessor sentences. Society is willing to spend billions of dollars incarcerating these people, rather than spend time and money helping them be productive members of society.
Wisdom of Crowds
Decision making can be improved by having all viewpoints aired before engaging in deliberation. The more diverse the group and the more willing they are to share differing opinions, the better the outcome is likely to be.
The Red and the Black
Friday, May 31, 2019
Coach: Lessons on the Game of Life
The Undoing Project
Michael Lewis starts The Undoing Project by providing anecdotes of showing the fallacy of human judgement. In sports, picking the right players can have a serious impact on the success of a franchise. However, scouts are prone to use their gut, often missing out on great players. Using data can help avoid some of the human fallacies - but even the data requires some human judgement. The narrative then dives in to the biography of the psychologists.
Both Kahneman and Tversky had a rebellious streak. They didn't fully trust common theories - especially full rationality. People are prone to many biases that allow them to be fooled. When discussing a past event, people often engage in hindsight bias, exaggerating their perceived odds that the event would have occurred. When choosing among multiple items, it is not uncommon for people to prefer A to B, B to C and C to A, seemingly contradicting basic logic. Due to endowment and sunk costs, people are more likely to hold on to something they already have - even though they would never purchase it. The fear of loss is more powerful than the desire for gain. Even if two outcomes are the same, most people would much rather avoid the outcome with loss rather than one with a gain.
The title comes from one of their final works together. What does it take to mentally "undo" something. People experience much more grief if they appear close to gaining something than if they were nowhere near. Missing a winning lottery number by one digit would be traumatic, while missing it by 5 would barely be noticed. However, both cases have the identical outcome of no win. In one, it was just easier to visualize moving over. When undoing events, we often look at the most proximate, easy to visualize causes, even if they are not the most probable.
Knowledge of inbuilt human biases can be used to help improve decision making. However, these same biases can also be used to manipulate people.
Thursday, May 30, 2019
Humanimal
Monday, May 20, 2019
I am Malala
Her story shows the intersection of education and traditional cultural and religious beliefs. It is possible to be well educated, and still adhere to a traditional religion. We often see the baby thrown out with the bathwater as educated people appear to abandon religion altogether, leading to cultural wars. Her case shows a more surgical adoption of the religious teachings without the cultural baggage. (The Taliban, however, would often advocate for a "strict" religious interpretation based more on perceived historical practices than actual religious teachings.) It does pose an interesting question. Is the religious doctrine really what is important to people, or is it just used as a means of expressing what is really important: cultural conformity?
The early descriptions of life in Pakistan are also interesting. It is still very tribal. There was an interesting case of a society that would switch lands every 5 years. This would prevent people from worrying about who got the better land. But, it also disincentived taking care of the land and planting fruit trees. Despite being a fairly conservative Muslim country, Pakistan was one of the first countries to have a female leader. However, the country has also had multiple military coups, and people have a strong distrust of the government.
Sunday, May 19, 2019
Chile and Argentina
Friday, May 17, 2019
Mrs. Dalloway
Sunday, May 12, 2019
The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything
The Element criticizes the modern education system. Schools are modeled after the needs of industrial production. They fail a great number of people that do not match the prototype. We need to encourage writers, dancers and others that just don't meet the system, but have great talents that can help elsewhere in society. He compares our education system to fast food. A McDonald's restaurant follows a precise formula. However, a better system is something like the Michelin guide. Provide general criteria of what we expect, and let the schools do it however they see fit. This produces a higher quality diversity (but is not as predictable.) It does require high quality teachers (while the current system treats teachers as mindless cogs in a system.) The arbitrary age grouping and the hierarchy of educational subjects are also problematic.
It is also helpful for people to find their tribe to be able to realize there are others like them. This is not to be confused with group think, which is confining instead of liberating. Youth often "rebel" against societal norms, but then have a subculture with its own norms.
Finding a good mentor is also extremely valuable in the pursuit of one's passion. There are many challenges in the process that a mentor can help with. There are many things on the road that can be discouraging. One example mentioned was the music teacher that managed to turn half of the Beatles off of music. Luckily, they "recovered" from their music education to find "mentors" that could help teach them what they needed to know.
I do wonder how many people really can find "the element". Doesn't society also need the conformist industrial workers? It seems we need a lot of people that are passionate about being the best department store attendant or restaurant server. What if the passions do not match the needs of society? How can he help people to find what they are passionate about doing, while still providing all the cogs that are needed for the world to function?
On Writing
In between the biographical elements, he gives his advice about writing. The main bits of advice are to read a lot and write a lot. The first draft should be private and finished quickly. Later drafts involve readers. You are writing for an audience, so it is ok to take their feedback. It is often useful to write with a particular reader in mind. For mechanics, he suggests clear and concise. Adverbs are your enemy. The dialog should tell the story. Flowery language may be ok, but excessive ornamentation can get in the way of the story. Revisions should reduce the size of the manuscript and increase the quality. He believes that some writers are awful, and some are great. Most writers are in between. Through work, "competent" writers can become good writers. There is some "luck" in getting the right contacts in publishing industry. However, that luck is mostly overrated. Through work, any good writer can find the right audience and get published.
Big Business: A Love Letter to an American Anti-Hero
People tend to treat big businesses as other "people". They also use anecdotal strategies to attack large companies. They are run by people. People make mistakes. It is human nature to amplify the 1 mistake at the expense of the 1000 good things that were done. Thus, the few bad actors tend to unjustly malign big business. There are problems with big businesses. However, the capitalist system does a good job of weeding out the bad actors. (Protective regulations tend to make things worse, allowing dinosaurs to remain around longer than they should.) Maybe we should give businesses a little more respect.
Wednesday, May 08, 2019
The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt
The book paints a very laudatory picture of his business dealings. He carries out his activities out of principle. He is constantly doing the moral thing and helping to increase the value of companies rather than simply extract money. The book seems to portray him in almost too positive of a light. He is seen as the humble businessman who only monopolized industries to help people out (or to exact revenge on bad actors.) There may be some truth to it, but it does feel like too much of a deification. Perhaps his moral compass is what enabled him to succeed where others failed. He wasn't after the graft. He wanted a big successful company. He started working on steamships. He was able to move boats around and make money where it was needed. He was involved in the pre-Panama-Canal route through Nicaragua. It was faster, but ended up dying due to politics, including "filibusters" who try to claim foreign land for America. He gradually ended up more involved with railroads, taking over the poor performing Harlem line and helping it to succeed, before taking over other New York Lines.
It is interesting to think that when he was alive and building his fortunes, places like Seattle barely even existed. The times also saw a conversion from individualists to large corporation. Boats could be bought and run by an individual. Only through government interference and "gentleman's agreements" were monopolies created. It was very easy for one boat to move to a new location. Horses and carriages were also individualistic. They could go just about anywhere, though not super fast. A good road would help (and thus some toll roads were created). However, these tended to be shorter distance turnpikes. Railroads started in this framework before changing everything. First they were similar to the toll roads. They were small rail lines serving local traffic. They were also quite dangerous. Then the railroads grew larger and larger. They needed to maintain the tracks, the cars and the engines. The expenses necessitated much more capital and large corporations. Long distance traffic involved traveling over a large number of different lines. There were often switches involved. This was costly and time consuming. Consolidation helped freight and passengers move faster. However, there were still plenty of opportunities for graft in the structure. After the experience with railroads, America turned to a more socialist transportation structure. Highways were built on the public dime, and open to everyone with an automobile. Airports were similarly often built with public funds and open to private airplanes. This seemed to appeal the individuality of users. (Anybody could be an operator on the transportation system with a minimum of capital), in spite of the large expense needed for infrastructure and maintenance. Even the railroads have become partially under the pervue of the government.
Vanderbilt would not recognize what has become of his "empire" today. However, he would likely appreciate the significant changes that have occurred in society.